{"id":1491,"date":"2022-12-30T11:56:00","date_gmt":"2022-12-30T08:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/probatio.com.tr\/testicaret\/?p=1491"},"modified":"2023-03-01T02:57:25","modified_gmt":"2023-02-28T23:57:25","slug":"iklim-degisimi-gida-krizleri-getirebilir-mi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/probatio.com.tr\/testicaret\/2022\/12\/30\/iklim-degisimi-gida-krizleri-getirebilir-mi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fimi G\u0131da Krizleri Getirebilir mi?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Almanya\u2019da s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n 1881-2021 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalamalardan sapmalar\u0131n seyrine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u015fin \u00f6nemi ve ciddiyeti daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor (Grafik). Zaten t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya kurulu\u015flar\u0131 bu iklim de\u011fi\u015fimin \u00f6nemini kavram\u0131\u015flar, olay\u0131n g\u0131daya ve tar\u0131ma olumsuz etkileri konusunda acilen tedbirler almak \u00fczere kollar\u0131 s\u0131vam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. FAO, Avrupa Komisyonu (EC), Uluslararas\u0131 Tar\u0131msal Kalk\u0131nma Fonu (IFAD) ve D\u00fcnya G\u0131da Program\u0131 (WFP) k\u0131sa zaman \u00f6nce, g\u0131da gereksiniminin kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve i\u015f birli\u011fi anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalad\u0131lar. Ama\u00e7 g\u0131da g\u00fcvenirli\u011fi ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konusunda etkili, koordineli, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir yeni stratejiler geli\u015ftirmek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fimi ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere zorlay\u0131c\u0131 di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok neden var. \u00d6nce n\u00fcfusun 2050 y\u0131l\u0131nda 9,5 milyara varaca\u011f\u0131 beklentisi\u2026 Ekim alan\u0131 verilerinden hareketle 1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na 4,3 hektarl\u0131k bir \u00fcretim alan\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ferken, bu rakam\u0131n 1980\u2019de 3\u2019e ve 2020\u2019de 1,8 hektara gerilemesi zaten bilinene bir ger\u00e7ek. Bir hektarl\u0131k tar\u0131m alan\u0131n doyurdu\u011fu ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tahminlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m: 1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir hektar 0,7 ki\u015fiyi, 1980\u2019de 1,5 ki\u015fiyi, 2000\u2019de 2,7 ki\u015fiyi doyurmu\u015ftur. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise bir hektar\u0131n 4,2 ki\u015fiyi doyurmu\u015f olmas\u0131 gerek. Buradan hemen \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda birim alandan daha fazla \u00fcr\u00fcn alman\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fiminin beraberinde gelen ve tar\u0131m\u0131 olumsuz etkileyecek di\u011fer bir etmen de artan s\u0131cakl\u0131klarla kuzeye kayabilecek hastal\u0131k ve zararl\u0131lard\u0131r. Olas\u0131 etkilerini insan tasavvur etmek dahi edemiyor. S\u00f6z konusu de\u011fi\u015fimlerin artan olumsuz etkileri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda akla \u015fu soru geliyor: \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fimi G\u0131da Krizleri olu\u015fturur mu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu a\u015famada \u00f6nce tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilir k\u0131labilir miyiz sorusunu yan\u0131tlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Baz\u0131 \u00fclkeler \u00fcretim modellerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmektedir. Arabistan\u2019\u0131n 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda su tasarrufu ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak bu\u011fday tar\u0131m\u0131na son vermesi bir \u00f6rnek olabilir mi?[1]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Frans\u0131z ba\u011fc\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u011f tesislerini Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019a kayd\u0131rmalar\u0131 gibi, baz\u0131 \u00fcretimlere yeni alanlar yaratma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 var m\u0131?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An\u0131za ekim, ikinci \u00fcr\u00fcn (\u00c7in\u2019de \u00e7eltikte y\u0131lda d\u00f6rt \u00fcr\u00fcn bile al\u0131nabilmektedir), \u00e7ift bi\u00e7im, topraks\u0131z tar\u0131m, dikey tar\u0131m, \u015fehirde \u00e7at\u0131 ya da depo-bodrum tar\u0131m\u0131, permak\u00fclt\u00fcr gibi yeni uygulamalarla \u00fcretim art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ne derece etkili olabilir?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yar\u0131nki g\u0131da maddelerini garantileme konusunda bitki ve hayvan \u0131slah\u0131 g\u00fcvenilir kaynaklar\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Daha \u015fimdiden a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak genetik m\u00fchendislik ve biyoteknolojiden de yararlanarak, kura\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131 m\u0131s\u0131r \u00e7e\u015fitlerinin tescil edilerek \u00fcreticiye ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 bunun bir ispat\u0131d\u0131r. Peki bu ve benzeri uygulamalar yeterli olabilir mi?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yabanc\u0131 d\u00f6llenen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde verim art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan hibrit tekni\u011fi \u00c7in\u2019de kendine d\u00f6llenen bir \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00e7eltikte uygulanm\u0131\u015f ve bu \u00fclke \u00e7eltik ekim alanlar\u0131n\u0131n %56\u2019s\u0131na hibrit \u00e7eltik ekerek pirin\u00e7 ithalat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olmaktan kurtulmu\u015ftur[2]. Peki hibrit bu\u011fday \u00e7e\u015fitleri geli\u015ftirerek bu\u011fday \u00fcretimini art\u0131rma \u015fans\u0131 olabilir mi?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cCRISPR-Cas9\u201d gibi y\u00f6ntemlerde, GDO\u2019lar\u0131n aksine d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan herhangi bir gen transferi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, hedeflenen genin, i\u015flem a\u015famas\u0131nda uygulanan ge\u00e7ici DNA kesici enzimler yard\u0131m\u0131 ile susturulmas\u0131, etkisinin art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, mikro-mutasyona tabi tutulmas\u0131 ile yeni genotipler yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oluyor. Bu yeni \u0131slah teknikleri[3]ile bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede bitki ve hayvan geli\u015ftirilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tip biyoteknolojik yenilikler AB ve T\u00fcrkiye dahil di\u011fer \u00fclke biyoekonomilerine kazand\u0131r\u0131lamaz m\u0131?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Toplumun et t\u00fcketimi azalt\u0131larak tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fi\u015fimler sa\u011flanabilir. Bu konuda bitkisel k\u00f6kenli yapay et ve bal\u0131k teknolojilerindeki geli\u015fmeler[4] \u00fcmit vericidir. Arazi ve su kullan\u0131m\u0131 konusunda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan, iklim de\u011fi\u015fiminde de s\u0131k\u00e7a \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclen hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 rahatlatacak bitki bazl\u0131 et, s\u00fct, peynir vs. \u00fcretim ve t\u00fcketiminin te\u015fviki genelle\u015ftirilemez mi?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00dcr\u00fcn kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131ya indirilmesiyle 2050\u2019lerde tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim %20 artabilecektir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00fct\u00fcn bu sorular olumlu yan\u0131tlansa bile, derecesi sabitlenemeyecek iklim krizinin g\u0131da g\u00fcvenirli\u011fi i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck tehdit olaca\u011f\u0131 bir ger\u00e7ek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"422\" src=\"https:\/\/probatio.com.tr\/testicaret\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/yazar-nazimi-acikgoz-2022-12-30-1024x422.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1494\" srcset=\"https:\/\/probatio.com.tr\/testicaret\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/yazar-nazimi-acikgoz-2022-12-30-1024x422.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/probatio.com.tr\/testicaret\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/yazar-nazimi-acikgoz-2022-12-30-300x124.jpg 300w, https:\/\/probatio.com.tr\/testicaret\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/yazar-nazimi-acikgoz-2022-12-30-768x316.jpg 768w, https:\/\/probatio.com.tr\/testicaret\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/yazar-nazimi-acikgoz-2022-12-30-696x287.jpg 696w, https:\/\/probatio.com.tr\/testicaret\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/yazar-nazimi-acikgoz-2022-12-30-1068x440.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/probatio.com.tr\/testicaret\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/yazar-nazimi-acikgoz-2022-12-30.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Kaynak\u00e7a:<br>[1] http:\/\/blog.radikal.com.tr\/ekonomi-is-dunyasi\/kuresel -isinmanin-tarimda-ilk-can-sesi-suudi-arabistanda-bugday-tarimina-son-22873<br>[2]https:\/\/gazetekoseyazilari.com\/blog\/2022\/11\/24\/bitki-bazli-baliklar-geliyor\/<br>[3] https:\/\/nazimiacikgoz.wordpress.com\/2019 \/03\/02\/gen-duzenleme-ile-ilk-bitki-soya\/<br>[4] http: \/\/blog.milliyet.com.tr\/biyoekonomide-hayvancilik-ve-et-odak-noktasi\/Blog\/?BlogNo=588064<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Almanya\u2019da s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n 1881-2021 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalamalardan sapmalar\u0131n seyrine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u015fin \u00f6nemi ve ciddiyeti daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor (Grafik). Zaten t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya kurulu\u015flar\u0131 bu iklim de\u011fi\u015fimin \u00f6nemini kavram\u0131\u015flar, olay\u0131n g\u0131daya ve tar\u0131ma olumsuz etkileri konusunda acilen tedbirler almak \u00fczere kollar\u0131 s\u0131vam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. FAO, Avrupa Komisyonu (EC), Uluslararas\u0131 Tar\u0131msal Kalk\u0131nma Fonu (IFAD) ve D\u00fcnya G\u0131da Program\u0131 (WFP) k\u0131sa [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1415,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[78],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1491","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-ticarette-yazarlar"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/probatio.com.tr\/testicaret\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1491","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/probatio.com.tr\/testicaret\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/probatio.com.tr\/testicaret\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/probatio.com.tr\/testicaret\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/probatio.com.tr\/testicaret\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1491"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/probatio.com.tr\/testicaret\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1491\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1495,"href":"https:\/\/probatio.com.tr\/testicaret\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1491\/revisions\/1495"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/probatio.com.tr\/testicaret\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1415"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/probatio.com.tr\/testicaret\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1491"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/probatio.com.tr\/testicaret\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1491"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/probatio.com.tr\/testicaret\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1491"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}